Understanding of Technology and Philosophy

According to George Orwell, there is substantial reason to support the idea of mechanization in pursuit of achievement. The author, Orwell, put the statement trying to express the possibility of a typical a self-driven invention. A pacifist loves peace and embraces the path that avoids violence in all his or her activities.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Understanding of Technology and Philosophy specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Shunning of military approaches to settle issues of the society is the desire of a pacifist. When a peace-loving individual gets an opportunity to work in a firm that deals with the manufacture of bombs, then there are high chances of devising newer versions or types of bombs within a short time (Orwell, p.207). Habitual characteristic of humanity has a design characterized by inventions that allow for advancement geared towards satisfying unending needs. The statement by Henry Adams tha t talks about the steam found in the world not being able to build Chartres represents an argument of flawlessness in the concept of work. There needs to be a reason for having faith in whichever action that an individual undertakes although this is insufficient for realization of goals. This can be applied to for power generation if tapped in the correct way according to standard procedures. This is likened to the possession of power which is relevant for use by those who cannot harness it for meaningful use. The book by Adams tries to relate the Virgin and the Dynamo as presented by Adams, shows how one item can be of considerable importance in one setting while at the same time, a complete irrelevance at other regions (Adams, p. 324). Presence of steam is a normal occurrence, coming in the form of a force which can be beneficial when applied doing work while it is quite useless when allowed to escape into free space. Applying the concepts of mechanics in transformation and redire ction of energy is practical and claimed to be quantifiable. It was not possible to construct any meaningful application of the force while at Chartres as induced by the Virgin, whose value could not achieve substantial gains (Adams, p.324). Adam admits that there was the relevance about true existence of this force, but its application was not practical particularly then. Improvement of status in performance using machinery by man has grown into a culture which is instinctive as opposed to being suppressive for other discoveries.Advertising Looking for essay on philosophy? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Performing extra duties with an opportunity for extra improvement due to inventions and innovations are recommended (Orwell, p.207). The first scenario is touching on the principles of communism that are in line with the basics of socialism and Orwell, the writer, describes the situation from a fascism point of view. The conc ept of mechanization is a slow and sure process that is rapidly encrypting into the society by a section of the population. It represents a minority group who opposes the idea of mechanization as a process but instead have a compulsion to live by the guidelines (Orwell, p.208).Civilization brought by the use of machines as a tool in efforts that culminate into modernization and capitalism concept has a driving force as maximization of profit earnings. Using machines as workers for men rather than being servants for machines is the best choice according to independent minds. With extrapolation mechanization, the users who are the humans represent a brain material that is under bondage within a bottle. This imprisonment is virtual in the sense that the mind, which is the governing part of the body, takes over operations in directing the body. It is where the so-called advancement is heading. Avoiding the situation is almost impossible due the nature of large-scale use both under the c onscious and sub conscious mind. The more the advancement in mechanization, the more the modernization in general and this bring about advancement, efficiency and decency in procedures (Orwell, p.293). Those who embrace the values of utopia aim at reducing pain and suffering in life of the practitioners. This results in the alleviation of conditions governing life by reducing steps taken towards industrialization. Introduction of artificial issues that obey guidelines of socialism and by extension, the utopia, transforms humans into robots who are using machines to perform all their chores. Liberalism as one of the social theories adopted for use in the sense that the beneficiaries of this fruitful course are those who care about the love for peaceful coexistence among themselves and with the community at large (Mises, p.70). Freedom declaration out of such practices on machines cause a reduction of workload on operations but can be a source of detriment to the lives of the operator s. Compromising of safety standards in the making and supporting of fascism concept is a common activity.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Understanding of Technology and Philosophy specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The issue of ascertaining credibility of mechanization in terms of controlling its extremes warrants safety concerns. Attaining economic democracy due to the practice of converting the community into a capitalist arena is desirable. It enables the occupants of the target are to be workers and beneficiaries of not only as consumers. This brings about the reality of self-styled democratic society by eliminating the concept of fascism (Mises, p. 21). Using this advancement process against intended harmonization situations, can reverse when the products turn out to be destructive, on the other hand. When this happens, then one of the principles applied in safety gets violated breaking fundamental laws for normal existence (Orwell, p.207). Understanding of technology as explained by the two authors measures the extent of burden in the society. Both Orwell and Adams view the concept of mechanization as a hindrance to free existence of socialism. Instead of liberal scenario in the democratic administration of societal activities, one can decide to contribute to economic development components of a community. Accidents and erratic occurrences in the course of industrialization processes may cause mass destruction of lives and property contrary to expectations of improvement of standards. Such cases as airplane crash, highway traffic accidents and other industrial disasters are some of the detriments of technological advancements. Making choice embrace capitalism is vital for development in the economic and social outstretches of a state with shinning achievements (Schumpeter. 7). Oppression by authoritative governments embraces fascism by participating in concentration on development of self-ego at the expense of the rest. Poisonous gases, oxide leaks among other lethal chemical radicals are industrial products whose chemical components are able to have a devastating effect on the human body system. The Dynamo that formed a center stage in the life of Adam is essential in the career path and studies but much value, not as an obsession just as the Virgin with the female forces. He had appreciated his college results with limited value in the likeness of experimental results (Adams, p. 319).Advertising Looking for essay on philosophy? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The authors, Adams and Orwell, consider development that accompanies industrialization with a recessive approach that ranges from neutrality to other extremes that enslave the mind. The idea of socialism has a strong impact over generations and will remain unchanged because of the enticing nature of the concept that governs the society (Mises, p. 23). Practicing of faith in all the endeavors is the secret for opening success doors as put across by Marxian theory. This further explains the reasons that underlie the concept of judgment of actions based on instinct in terms of success evaluation (Schumpeter, p. 13). Works Cited Adams, Henry. The Education of Henry Adams. Charleston, South Carolina: Forgotten Books, 1961. Forgotten Books. Web. Mises, Ludwig V. Socialism: An Economic and Sociological Analysis. Auburn. Alabama: Ludwig Von Mises Institute. 2009. Print. Orwell, George. The Road to Wigan Pier. UK: Penguin Publishers. 1937. Print. Schumpeter, Joseph A. Capitalism, Socialism a nd Democracy. UK: George Allen Unwin (Publishers) Limited, 1976. Print. This essay on Understanding of Technology and Philosophy was written and submitted by user Lillianna Suarez to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

seige of berlin essays

seige of berlin essays By Christmas 1944, Berlin was in ruins, and still being bombed around the clock. The Nazis still talked about wonder weapons and the Fhrers genius turning the tables, but in the city canny and cynical Berliners made grim jokes about giving each other coffins as Christmas presents. The idea was more practical than they realized. Every Russian soldier advancing westward had been an eyewitness to the destruction of his country. By the time the Soviets stormed the Vistula River, those sights had generated a consuming hatred for Germany and the Germans among many Russian soldiers. The Wehrmacht and Waffen-SS, though still capable of dogged resistance, had been wrecked and bled white after 3 1/2 years of fighting the Soviet Union. Stopping the Red Armys advance was futile. The war was lost. But as long as Adolf Hitler was in charge, there was no chance of sensible surrender. Something horrible was building in the minds and hearts of Russian soldiers. Kill the German! was the motto and battle cry of the Red Army as it approached Berlin. Like their opponents, Josef Stalins men were subjected to an intense and unending barrage of indoctrination and hate propaganda. In the Red Army the Communist Party carried the ideological effort right to the front lines. Political officers agitated the front-line troops, with speeches, banners and propaganda leaflets whipping up their fury. Behind the lines, security and secret police formations viciously punished anyone deemed to be either militarily or politically unreliable. Tens of thousands perished at their hands. Soviet soldiers, under such brutally tight political and military control, were ready to explode. Germany, having sown the wind, was about to reap the whirlwind and provide an outlet for Russian soldiers to vent their rage and frustrations. The January 1945 Vistula attack quickly overran Poland and mostly isolated East Prussia. There was li...

Discussions of the Parts of a Speech

Discussions of the Parts of a Speech In classical rhetoric, the parts of a speech are the conventional divisions of a speech (or oration)- also known as arrangement. Roman orators recognized as many as seven parts: ExordiumNarratioDivisionProof (or Confirmation)RefutationDigressionPerorationEpilogue In contemporary public speaking, the major parts of a speech are often identified more simply as the introduction, body, transitions, and conclusion. See Examples and Observations below. (Dont confuse the parts of a speech in rhetoric with the parts of speech in grammar.) Examples and Observations From late fifth through late second century BCE, three traditions of handbooks characterized theory and instruction in rhetoric. Handbooks in the earliest tradition organized precepts in segments devoted to the parts of a speech. . . . [A] number of scholars have proposed that early handbooks in this tradition typically dealt with four speech parts: a proem that secured an attentive, intelligent, and benevolent hearing; a narration that represented facts of the judicial case favorable to the speaker; a proof that confirmed the speakers claims and refuted the arguments of the opponent; and an epilogue that summarized the speakers arguments and aroused emotions in the audience favorable to the speakers case.(Robert N. Gaines, Roman Rhetorical Handbooks, in A Companion to Roman Rhetoric, edited by William J. Dominik and Jon C. R. Hall. Wiley-Blackwell, 2007) The parts of a speech (partes orationis) are the exordium or opening, the narratio or statement of facts, the divisio or partitio, that is, the statement of the point at issue and exposition of what the orator proposes to prove, the confirmatio or exposition of arguments, the confutatio or refutation of ones opponents arguments, and finally the conclusio or peroration. This six-fold division is that given in De Inventione and Ad Herrenium, but Cicero tells us that some divided into four or five or even seven parts, and Quintilian regards partitio as contained in the third part, which he calls probatio, proof, and thus is left with a total of five.(M. L. Clarke and D. H. Berry, Rhetoric at Rome: A Historical Survey. Routledge, 1996) Classical Divisions in Prose The classical tradition of oratory was carried on for a great many centuries in oral performance. It was also carried on in written texts, most purely in written works that take the form of orations. Although they were not intended for oral performance, they translate features of oratory to the written word. Including some sense of the writer and the reader.Erasmuss Praise of Folly (1509) is a model example. It follows a form of the classical tradition, with Exordium, Narration, Partition, Confirmation, and Peroration. The orator is Folly, and she steps forward to speak to the crowded assembly that is her audienceall of us readers.(James Thorpe, The Sense of Style: Reading English Prose. Archon, 1987) The Classical Form of Jonathan Swifts A Modest Proposal The essay is organized in the manner of a classical oration, as follows: Exordium - Paragraphs 1 through 7Narration - Paragraphs 8 through 16Digression - Paragraphs 17 through 19Proof - Paragraphs 20 through 28Refutation - Paragraphs 29 through 30Peroration - Paragraphs 31 through 33 (Charles A. Beaumont, Swifts Classical Rhetoric. University of Georgia Press, 1961) Transitions in Contemporary Speeches To move from one to another of the three major parts of a speech (i.e., introduction, body, and conclusion), you can signal your audience with statements that summarize what youve said in one part and point the way to the next. For example, here is an internal summary and a transition between the body of a speech and the conclusion: Ive now explained in some detail why we need stronger educational and health programs for new immigrants. Let me close by reminding you of whats at stake. . . . Transitions are vital to effective speaking. If the introduction, body, and conclusion are the bones of a speech, the transitions are the sinews that hold the bones together. Without them, a speech may seem more like a laundry list of unconnected ideas than like a coherent whole.(Julia T. Wood, Communication in Our Lives, 6th ed. Wadsworth, 2012)

Nurses and the Affordable Care Act Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Nurses and the Affordable Care Act - Coursework Example For instance, through this legislation, the government intends to encourage nursing education and mitigate shortages of nursing professionals in many of its states offering them with loan facilities as well as the opportunity to get a proportion of their loan cancelled. According to Wakefield (2010), the legislation also offers a wider opportunity for deserving nurses to appear in leadership positions within the sector. In the words of Davis, Abrams and Stremikis (2011) too, â€Å"the Affordable Care Act invests $1.5 billion over 2011–2015 for the National Health Service Corps to provide scholarships and loan forgiveness for primary care physicians, nurse practitioners, and physician assistants practicing in health professional shortage areas.† Applying the above discussed facts of Affordable Care Act, it becomes apparent that the government is taking realistic and effective measures to encourage participation of nurses in almost every sphere of the healthcare sector in America. This would help in dealing with the major issues prevalent in the domain. At the onset, it will address the long-lasting inhibition amid the nurses that they lack adequate opportunities to be in the leadership position of the industry. On the other hand, it is expected to ensure diversity as well as uniformity in the trend of delivering nursing services to the population in rural areas of the nation, apart from those regions suffering from shortage of these professionals. Therefore, with greater growth opportunities and financial aids, it gets justified that the new legislation serves with a greater voice and diverse set of choices to the nurses influencing the future of these professionals as a group as well as

Engineering - Sustainability and Innovation Assignment

Engineering - Sustainability and Innovation - Assignment Example The place should exude warmth and confidence. Sustainable construction is therefore very critical to the economic, social and environmental fabric of society. Estimates suggest that in developing countries about 40% of the human population would be living in cities compared to 20% that was present in 1950. (Sustainable Building & Construction, 2003) Around 40,000 sq.km of cultivable land is being urbanized every year. The worst areas that are going to be hit are the developing countries where infrastructure boom is coming up in the next few years. It is understood that the building designs are capable of lasting 80-100 years on an average. It is therefore very important that a construction having such large scale life should be built in a sustainable manner so that fits into the surrounding environment. It can be argued that while lands that are used for irrigation being converted to concrete jungles would inevitably lead to loss of farming and have an adverse effect on the food chai n around the world, rise in construction activity would lead to increase in jobs in the construction sector. Estimates indicate that around 3 trillion US dollars are being pumped into the construction sector annually and this accounts for 10% of the world GDP. (Moavenzadeh F, 1994) An estimated 111million worker of which 74% belong to the developing countries and of this 28% engaged in industrial development is what has been found out per the last census. (Sustainable Building & Construction, 2003) While it cannot be argued that construction is a sector that generates large scale employment, its drawback is lack of job security and personal health issues of working personnel. This sector is also predominantly male and since most of the jobs are in the unorganised sector their issues are not aptly addressed. A survey conducted in UK indicated that around 600 workers die annually due to asbestos intoxication, 30% suffer skin disorders and around 40% have bone and ligament fractures. ( Sustainable Building & Construction, 2003) About 55000 workers die annually due to construction related accidents. Environment related incidents are the next major cause of concern which has strengthened the call more strongly for sustainable construction. Deforestation and illegal mining with scant respect to the nature is harmful to the environment. Apart from this energy a large amount of energy is also consumed in transporting these raw materials from its area of origin to other developing countries. (Bossink & H.J Brouwers, 1996) A concept introduced in 1970 called the embodied energy tries to calculate the sum total energy that would be required right from its inception stage, transportation and finally till the construction stage. The effort always is to limit the amount of embodied energy so that one can move towards sustainable construction. The major source of greenhouse emissions is usually for the production of cement which entails a significant amount of fossil fuel bur ning. Estimates suggest that by 1950 the CO2 emissions would be around four times the present amount. (Sustainable Building & Construction, 2003) It has also been suggested that in the interests of the environment it is best that a greater building density is better compared to a low building density. This would entail

Utilitarianism Today Essay Example for Free

Utilitarianism Today Essay Jurisprudence as we know it is an offshoot of philosophy and more precisely the philosophy that deals with questions of law. When one speaks of jurisprudence there are many theories, calculated analysis and profound philosophies which try, in each its own way, to guide the law as well as us in the end. Utilitarianism is one of them. The original concept of utilitarianism is simple which is, ‘the greatest happiness of the greatest number’, as utilitarianism’s best-known advocate, Jeremy Bentham, puts it. Stopping there however would not be doing justice to his theory. Bentham goes on to explain that, for every question whereby we judge whether an act is good or bad, the criterion to answer would be by its consequence. This consequence is taken in regard to the effect that particular act would have on human pleasure and pain, the two ‘sovereign masters that govern mankind’. Bentham was a man of numbers and to him, good government needs numbers. The importance of numbers to him is indisputable and if anything his propositions were almost always quantitative in nature. Going back to the pleasure and pains idea, Bentham proposed an elaborate and rather thorough guide to analyzing them. For this, he devised a list of pleasures including pleasures of wealth, power, skill and memories among others as well as a list of pains such as pains of regret, disappointment, enmity and awkwardness to name a few. All in all, Bentham lists a total of fourteen pleasures and twelve pains. The value or degree by which a pleasure or a pain is to be measured posed a problem and so Bentham also devised a calculus in which he takes into account seven factors that is, intensity, duration, certainty, propinquity, fecundity, purity and extent. John Stuart Mill, another prominent utilitarian, rejected Bentham’s view that all pleasures were to count the same. He argued that differing people would have been brought up in varying manners and as such the appreciation of certain pleasures would greatly differ from one person to another. Also, Bentham’s own definition at the time was to apply the test of utility to private acts as well as public measures but was limited to ‘acts’. It would only be years later that other philosophers would draw a distinction between what we now call ‘act-utilitarianism’ and ‘rule-utilitarianism’. Put simply, act-utilitarianism concerns itself with acts that consequently have the highest net happiness whereas rule-utilitarianism applies where an act is permitted by a general rule whereby following that rule would have the best outcome. John Austin, the well known jurisprudence philosopher, strongly believed that the test of utility should apply to rules. Today, utilitarianism can be used in almost every aspect of our daily lives, whether it be our daily decision making, public policy by governing bodies or simple moral questions we would usually turn to religion for. As can be seen, the test of utility does not discriminate in where it’s applied, merely in how it is used that is, whether to apply it upon the rule or the act. It is no surprise then that the subsequent result of two different applications will lead to distinctively different conclusions. To exemplify how the utility test works and how different conclusions can be made one shall look at the famous Iran-Contra affair and in particular Oliver North’s assessment of the facts at hand and how he reaches his conclusion. In the 1980s, when asked why he had lied to congress regarding his role in the aforementioned affair, North said, â€Å"lying does not come easily to me. But we all had to weigh in the balance the difference between lies and lives†. Here, the ‘good’ decision according to North would have been to lie about certain facts to save others from possible harm. In his mind this was probably the act that would have maximised pleasure and minimised pain by the greatest extent and therefore judged it to be the best course of action. Applying the test on a rule in this case might have led to a different outcome. If, for example, ‘always tell the truth’ was the general rule by which the test concludes to be the best consequence, it may prove to lead North to a different decision in this case. This, however, depends on which rule one wishes to follow. Had the rule been ‘always protect lives’ then North may as well answer in the same manner. The difficulty here lies in which test (act or rule) to use and how to apply it. The news piece that one has chosen, entitled ‘Government to measure people’s happiness’, talks about the British Government’s attempt at measuring the happiness of UK citizens. The reason behind the move, the article reads, is to track the nation’s progress apart from the usual yardstick that is the Gross Domestic Product (GDP). The article also mentions Jo Swinson, a Liberal Democrat MP and probable utilitarian, as saying â€Å"what gets measured gets done. While its not governments job to make people happy, regular measures of wellbeing will at least make sure it is taken into account†. Statically monitoring the people’s happiness by way of a national survey can be likened to Bentham’s plea for the foundation of a statistical-gathering society to compile facts, as factual information about actual state of affairs will support rational and informed decision making. It is no surprise Bentham wished to propose this as he was an advocate of official criminal statistics which he maintained would be ‘a measure of excellent use in furnishing data for the legislator to go to work upon. ’ Using numbers to evaluate the health of a nation’s citizens is not uncommon or unheard of as, stated beforehand, GDP used to be yardstick. However, in the current state of affairs Britain finds itself in, perhaps it is time to turn to a different set of numbers. Many, if not most, countries use their national statistics on GDP as the focal point for policy decisions and measurement of welfare. Despite this, Treasury minister Angela Eagle who has long been accustomed to analysing GDP and working in the pursuit of economic stability using such data, conceded herself that, although not completely ditching the traditional form, a happiness index would be ‘useful for policy making’. When comparing the use of the wellbeing index as opposed to the GDP, one looks at it from a financial standpoint and in particular, given regard to wealth, opportunity and welfare on questions of distribution. How should it be distributed? According to need, ensuring equality or maybe in accordance with merit? A long standing argument is that utilitarianism does not even consider these factors and on top of that shows no concern whatsoever with how it should be distributed. The utilitarian in this context would look only at achieving the goal of maximising welfare with how much there is in total. For example, given two societies, A and B, with A having a highly imbalanced distribution of welfare but an overall higher total of welfare than B which happens to have exact equal distribution, the utilitarian would point to A to be regarded as the more morally preferable society. Nigel Simmonds, a noted reader in jurisprudence, states that it would be a mistake to conclude that since the distribution does not concern the utilitarian, it does not mean that the question of how wealth, resources and opportunities is ignored. The argument for that would be that a more equal allocation of wealth, opportunity and resources is desirable because it would eventually lead to maximisation of welfare and happiness. Put simply, if one gives a pound to a millionaire it would make for a negligible contribution to his overall welfare. Give that same pound to a poor man for him to use, for instance to purchase a meal he would otherwise not be able to pay for, it would be a significant contribution to his welfare. Insofar as the distribution of wealth, opportunity and resources is concerned, the aim in this instance is for the utilitarian to seek the maximisation of welfare by way of equality. Using the wellbeing index in a way that could enable the government to pinpoint where certain communities are happy and unhappy can help legislators and policy-makers take necessary steps to promote the nation’s state of welfare. Funds could be better allocated towards communities that are in more need of an increase in welfare and happiness by providing facilities, education, healthcare and the like in the right areas While on the topic of economic welfare with regard to utilitarianism, one wishes to mention the economic analysis of law, a principle that has its roots in Bentham’s theory. Since the felicific calculus of the utility test is a difficult one to apply, as one cannot be certain of people’s reaction to alternative measures, the difference here lies in making simple assumptions on human behaviour. The assumption to be adopted here is that mankind will rationally maximise his satisfactions or pleasure. Accordingly, this entire theory uses this premise to achieve, by its definition, what one wishes and what one is willing to pay for that. Payment here is not taken in the strictest sense of monetary terms but can include time and effort. The theory takes on a dynamic principle that this payment is the medium by which a hypothetical market of happiness can be run. Between two individuals, it is easy to demonstrate how this would work. If Adam wishes to run his laundry business all day long without closing shop, and Gary wishes for silence in the night, each would offer a monetary value for either privilege. If Adam’s payment is greater than Gary’s satisfactions are maximised by allowing him to run his overnight business. Economic analysis calls this the ‘efficient’ solution and the most obvious difference with utility is where greatest happiness of the greatest number is replaced by overall efficiency. This movement, primarily attempted in the United States, was first applied to specific areas in law for example anti-trust legislation and nuisance laws. Richard Posner, in his book, Economic Analysis of Law, explains that he believes to have found a more systematic application of this approach which he claims can explain why many of the legal rules and institutions that exist are as they are and also inherent implications for how the law should be improved. This however, leads one to believe that economic analysis of the law concerns itself primarily with maximising economic criteria, begging the question, is this the highest ideal one would want for society? It takes a U-turn on the very basis by which the government had wished to evaluate happiness instead of relying on GDP as a measure of public wellbeing. Even the UKs National Statistician, Jil Matheson, who will oversee the happiness measurement, said: there is growing international recognition that to measure national well-being and progress there is a need to develop a more comprehensive view, rather than focusing solely on gross domestic product. † If the Judiciary were to use this wellbeing index in reference to adjudication, would that infringe on the established practice of judicial independence? One would point out that public opinion is a matter for which the courts do take into consideration when a case of great public interest is in question. The very notion that judges would look into these statistical analysis of numbered data seems highly implausible. The judiciary as we know it preserves the doctrine of separation of powers. This holds that the laws they would apply and uphold cannot be changed whatsoever without the proper due process of parliamentary approval. With regard to those highly publicised cases, a judge today cannot merely change the course of the law due to social pressure even if would produce the greatest net happiness. However, if a judge were to be utilitarian in nature, as one is sure there is at least a single judge of that calibre, he or she might apply a rule that passes the utility test which would state â€Å"judge according to the greatest net happiness† and as such that rule could undermine all other factors including upholding parliamentary legislation. If the same judge were to follow a rule stating â€Å"always follow the letter of the law† the same conclusion as if the other did not exist would apply as always following the law would pass the test as generally being the best solution to achieving the greatest happiness. One would now like to delve into the topic of rights with regard to utilitarianism in the light of the government’s wellbeing index plans. Human rights has been a major concern since the atrocities of the first and second World Wars. Most nations have adopted or are a signatory or the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. In order to understand utilitarianism’s concept of rights, it is best to leave alone the notion of ‘moral rights’ as it is fundamentally opposed within the theory. Given the example of two conflicting interests in rights, whatever means one would employ would still lead to the same conclusion where one gains and the other loses. As mentioned before, utilitarianism would guide us to act in a way that would produce the greatest happiness for the greatest number and in doing so would find the best possible balance to ensure the net outcome is highest. One refers back to the infamous London riots of mid-2011 where police had a difficult time controlling the crowds. In this instance, the police would have had in mind the rights of the law-breakers and in turn led to minimal crowd control which unfortunately spilled over and caused massive collateral damage. Had the test of utility been applied, officers of the force may have come to a conclusion that infringing a few citizens’ rights will save shops and business from the damage that they eventually incurred. Monmouth MP Mr Davies said that we have to decide where our priorities lie. Is it with the police in trying to maintain law and order? Or does it lie with the human rights of those who break the law? †. One could say the test of utility applied here might have concluded that the former would be the answer to maximising overall happiness of society that day taking into account the welfare of the shop owners and other victims of this tragedy. Or perhaps had the wellbeing index been formulated earlier and the government had helped to alleviate the pains of those who turned to rioting, none of it would have happened. That however, is a purely hypothetical analysis. With every applied theory comes the good and the bad, the success or failure to accommodate all aspects of governance and the uncertain impact it can have on society as a whole. Utilitarianism brings about a change in mindset and approach to dealing with today’s issues but it does come with the risk of failing to protect the most vulnerable members of society. A report has sparked some debate across the Atlantic over the issue of special education funding in Kansas, USA, where budget cuts amounting to over twenty million US dollars are being contemplated. This is no isolated incident however, as a Christian activist group points out that even with the appropriate budget, schools are ever increasing the channelling of those funds to other departments instead of the purpose it was allocated for. In this incident, Broward County in Florida used eighteen million dollars of its special education budget to save around seven hundred jobs which had no relation to special education. It is without a doubt a utilitarian process of maximising overall happiness but it did come with a cost. The losers in this case were the children in need of special education in the first place. It is a difficult time for the economy and budget cuts are to be expected but this highlights the problem inherent within utilitarianism. If you are one of the losers to this policy, then that is the way the cookie crumbles. Unfortunately it was a segment of society that already is vulnerable. Additionally, utilitarianism can lead to injustice and breach of established human rights, that is the right against unlawful detention. Imagine a nation duped by its own government, propagandised to fear and hate and in turn direct those feelings towards a certain legislation that purportedly helps fight terrorism but instead merely gives powers to the state to detain and interrogate terror suspects without due consideration towards his or her human rights. One might think of the US and its anti terror campaign and acknowledge the fact that Guantanamo Bay is not just a movie. A government, using any means necessary, has the potential to manipulate its people into believing that in order to be secure and protected must pass into law some draconian legislation. If people do believe so, a nationwide survey on happiness might conclude that citizens will only be happy if their need to feel said security is fulfilled and the test can succeed if the circumstances are right. If one were to disbelieve such a notion, this idea has indeed been materialised in North Korea where an entire nation is fed news and reports directly aimed to instil a variety of ideas in its people. Of course, it is largely hypothetical but at the same time utilitarianism is not a known and practiced doctrine worldwide and this uncertainty is precautionary in nature. Is utilitarianism the way to go? Has the British government taken the right steps and the right precautions in ensuring a wellbeing index will not be put to use in a negative way? Some critics of the move have instead shown a distinct unhappiness over the issue. Some are calling for the test to be used on itself as to whether it will produce the greatest happiness if used at all. If possible, it would be a fresh undertaking for law-makers to change their mindset on ethical or moral grounds. Alan Coddington, author, spoke of replacing traditional questions of â€Å"should it be done? † and â€Å"is that right? † with â€Å"what would be the totalled up sum of happiness if this is done? †. A wellbeing index does indeed sound like a good idea and one that might help ease the financial instability that Britain currently faces. It could lead to never before known facts and statistics that may trigger the government into acting in the interest of the people to ensure the greatest happiness from the greatest number, in this regard, of Britons. [ 1 ]. Jeremy Bentham, A Fragment on Government, (1776) [ 2 ]. JG Riddal, Jurisprudence, (2nd edn Oxford Press 2006) 154 [ 3 ]. M Freeman, R Harrison, Law and Philosophy Current Legal Issues, (vol 10 2007) 304 [ 4 ]. JW Harris, Legal Philosophies, (Butterworths 1980) 36 [ 5 ]. Harris, (n4) 39 [ 6 ]. Manuel Velasquez, Claire Andre, Thomas Shanks, S. J. , and Michael J. Meyer, ‘Calculating Consequence: The Utilitarian Approach to Ethics’ (1989) Issues in Ethics Vol 2 accessed 4th Jan 2012 [ 7 ]. BBC News, Government planning to measure peoples happiness (2010) accessed 26th Dec 2011 [ 8 ]. M Freeman, R Harrison, Law and Philosophy Current Legal Issues, (Oxford Press ,vol 10, 2007) 304 [ 9 ]. J Bentham, The Works of Jeremy Bentham (Simpkin, Marshal and Co, 1843) 29 [ 10 ]. B Wheeler,’ Crunch Time for Happy Talk’, (BBC News 9th Oct 2008) http://news. bbc. co. uk/1/hi/uk_politics/7657465. stm accessed 2nd Jan 2012 [ 11 ]. NE Simmonds, Central Issues In Jurisprudence, (Sweet and Maxwell ,3rd edn, 2008) 29 [ 12 ]. Simmonds (n 11) 30 [ 13 ]. Harris (n4) 42 [ 14 ]. BBC News (n7) [ 15 ]. D Meyerson, Understanding Jurisprudence, (Routledge Cavandish, 2007) 119 [ 16 ]. Daily Record, ‘London riots: Human rights laws have made police sitting ducks’ accessed 9th Jan 2012 [ 17 ]. The Winfield Daily, ‘Let Senate Prevail on Special Ed Funding, (18th Feb 2011) accessed 7th Jan 2012 [ 18 ]. Chuck Colsen, ‘Shorting Special Needs: Utilitarianism and Budget

Oresteia: Revenge Essay -- essays research papers

In the Oresteia there seems to be a continuing cycle of revenge. Someone is murdered and then a relative must kill the murderer, therefore becoming a murderer himself. A new chosen one is then selected to take revenge on that person who killed before him and the cycle goes on and on. The furies also play a part in this cycle of revenge. They seek out those who kill their blood relatives and haunt them and torture them for eternity. So basically they also take revenge for the ones that have been murdered. Revenge is a continuing theme throughout the play until Athena has a hand in making it come to an end. Apollo sends Orestes to visit the goddess Athena for judgment in the case of him murdering his mother because the furies continue to pursue him even though Apollo has washed his hands clean of the murder. He tells Orestes, â€Å"we will find the means to free you from this toil you’ve been caught in, once and for all. For I persuaded you to kill your mother† (97-9). Apollo is taking responsibility for this murder that Orestes committed. The furies, however, are not concerned with the fact that Apollo ordered Orestes to take revenge for his father. They only seem to focus in on the fact the he did murder his mother. The furies have no care as to why he did it, so Athena will be the one to listen to their cases and decide who is in the right or wrong. When finally he reaches Athena’s court, he tells her of the previous events. He says, â€Å"So I returned, after my years of exile, an...

Stanford Prison Experiment and Hard-hitting Local Editorials

For hundreds of thousands of years, human civilizations tended to barter for goods, trading shells and precious stones for food and other important commodities. For the first evidence of money as currency, we need to go back 5,000 years to where modern-day Iraq now sits, to find ‘the shekel’. Though this was the first form of currency, it was not money as we know and understand it today. It actually represented a certain weight of barley, a kind of plant, equivalent to gold or silver. Eventually, the shekel became a coin currency in its own right. In much the same way, Britain’s currency is alled ‘the pound’, because it was originally equivalent to a pound of silver. The ancient Greeks and Romans used gold and silver coins as currency, with the Latin ‘denarius’ ultimately giving birth to ‘dinar’ in various countries including Jordan and Algeria, and providing the ‘d’ that served as an abbreviation for the British penny before decimalization in 1971. It also gives us the word for money in Spanish and Portuguese – ‘dinero’ and ‘dinhero’. The first ever banknotes were issued in 7th-century China, though it took another 1,000 years before the idea of paper money was adopted in Europe, y Sweden’s Stockholms Banco in 1661. British scientists have begun studying a rare meteorite to reveal more about the history of Mars. The rock, named ‘Tissint’ after the Moroccan area where it crashed in July 2011, was recovered from the ground just five months later – not enough time to be too contaminated. â€Å"The Tissint sample is probably the most important meteorite to have landed on the Earth in the last 100 years,† says Dr. Caroline Smith, curator of meteorites at the Natural History Museum in London. An analysis of the rock revealed its Martian origin. It would have been removed from Mars when an asteroid struck he planet, staying in spa ce as debris before being attracted by the Earth’s gravity. Of the 41,000 officially recognized meteorites, 61 come from Mars and the Tissint rock is only the fifth that was witnessed falling. Dr. Tony Irving of Washington University, who performed some initial analysis on the sample, does not think there is much chance of finding fossilized life within it. But the British team could reveal whether minerals have been affected by water or contain elements such as carbon. Smith says â€Å"We’re not looking for microbes, but we’re looking for the chemical and environmental signatures to indicate whether Mars, at ome point in its past, may have provided a suitable environment for life to exist. † While playing computer games is sometimes seen as a solitary pursuit, a study at Brigham Young University shows that it actually enhances social connections. Studying the effect of multiplayer online games on marriages, researchers found that in the 76% of the cases where the couple played together, games actually aided the relationship. In other words, couples that gamed together stayed together. Games may have other effects on us too. The famous psychologist, Philip Zimbardo, recently spoke out on the subject. In his 1971Stanford Prison Experiment, in which volunteers were randomly assigned the roles of prisoner or guard, he showed that human behaviour is heavily influenced by environmental and social pressures. More recently, Zimbardo even suggested that exposing children to morally ambiguous situations in games could be useful in helping them develop their own moral compass. One possibility is to explore virtual worlds through computer games that could enable people to experience and understand concepts that they would otherwise find difficult to imagine. Games about society, populated by real people and open to all, could help test how different ultural backgrounds could be brought together in peace. The Although many community newspapers are justifiably proud of their hard-hitting local editorials, perhaps half of all community papers carry no editorials at all. Publishers who refuse to editorialize often claim that editorial harassing is resented in small communities. Others are fearful of alienating readers and advertisers. Still others say they do not have enough time to develop polished, well-researched editorials on a regular basis. Many publishers are leaders in the commercial and political lives of their towns, and are so much a part of he local power structure that their editorials would not be persuasive anyway. Those who editorialize assert that editorials and opinion columns give identity to their newspapers and leadership to their communities. Indeed, some of the most inspired writing the US has produced – the ‘Crisis’ essays of Tom Paine, the Federalist Papers explaining and defending the Constitution, the stirring commentary of William Allen White of Kansas – first saw the li ght of day as editorial or column material in a community newspaper. Courageous hometown editors regularly win Pulitzer Prizes and other professional honours for crusading ditorials on local issues. It Innovation is not a synonym for invention – an invention has to be taken to the market to be regarded as innovation. Innovation must change the way people do something. In an essay on creativity, Teresa Amabile and others describe innovation as ‘the successful implementation of creative ideas within an organization’. Creativity, which includes invention, is only the starting point for innovation, which is a necessary but not sufficient condition for it. As Amabile implies, the business of innovation needs to be managed all the way from the creative inspiration through to a launchable product or service.Innovation is not restricted to products and services. It might be internal to the business, in the form of new and more effective organizational structures or proce sses. It could be a new way of marketing or distribution, like online grocery deliveries. By today’s thinking, innovation can also be in the form of a significant improvement to an existing commodity. When you build a better product, not necessarily a revolutionary one, the whole world will want to buy it. A lot of small types of innovation like this are more akin to continuous improvement, which makes up 85-90% of the average corporate development portfolio. It

Preventing AIDS

AIDS Essay Today many people around the world are infected with a serious disease called AIDS. Unfortunately, the disease has led to many deaths worldwide and yet it still remains untreatable. Many Public Health Departments are now taking the lead in publicizing education about AIDS. Public awareness and prevention programs are possible solutions to the spread of AIDS. The issue of this paper is on AIDS Prevention Programs that target women. One outlook is that prevention programs that target women will reduce the number of infections around the world.People opposed to this believe that prevention programs should aim more towards males. The disease is obviously an important social issue which impacts people worldwide. Certain associations and studies believe that women are more at danger then men for contracting HIV/AIDS. They believe prevention programs should be focused merely on women. AIDS cases for women are increasing each year and women are one of the fastest growing populatio ns being infected. At the end of 2002, UNAIDS, a Joint United Nations Progamme on HIV/AIDS, reported that 38. 6 million adults are infected with HIV or AIDS worldwide.Roughly 50% or 19. 2 million are women. Globally speaking, most women infected with HIV or AIDS are from developing countries. The fastest spread of AIDS among women is in sub-Saharan Africa. In 1999, for the first time more women than men were infected with HIV. Out of 22. 3 million people infected in sub Saharan Africa 12. 2 million, or 55%, are female. Of the 1. 1 million youth infected in south Asia, 62% are female. According to research by the CDC, Center for Disease Control and Prevention, the amount of AIDS cases in women have more than tripled in the United States.Since 1985, 7% of women were affected to 25% in 1999. With the number of AIDS cases in women increasing, organizations are relying on prevention programs aimed towards women to be the effective solution to prevent the spread of the virus amongst men a nd women. In contrary to the opposing viewpoint, reports by UNAIDS felt that men should be the main focus in the prevention programs. In 2000, UNAIDS commenced a World AIDS Campaign which pushed for men to become more involved in preventing the spread of the AIDS outbreak. â€Å"We must stop seeing men as ome kind of problem and begin seeing them as part of the solution,† according to Dr Peter Piot, the head director of UNAIDS. â€Å"Working with men to change their behavior and attitudes has tremendous potential to slow down the epidemic. It will also improve the lives of men themselves, not to mention those of their families. † There are several reasons why men should remain the main target to the prevention of the epidemic. The focus is mainly on changing sexual behaviors amongst men. Men grow up with certain beliefs and attitudes on how they should behave when dealing with intercourse. Dr.Elvira Belingon, Department of Health STD/AIDS Coordinator in Cordillera expl ained that worldwide studies prove that men are at a greater risk of spreading the disease because they are likely to have more unprotected intercourse and sexual partners than women do. â€Å"Too often, it is seen as ‘unmanly' to worry about avoiding drug-related risks, or to bother with condoms,† said Dr Piot. UNAIDS feel these cultural beliefs and expectations allow men to become vulunerable to AIDS which endangers their own health or the health of their partners and family. This vulnerability has already affected gay and bisexual men in the United States.Sexually transmitted diseases such as syphilis have rose for the second year in a row. The government feels that gays and bisexuals are more susceptible to these sexually transmitted diseases and with the help of these prevention programs they can decrease that number. In order to help control the AIDS epidemic, organization’s feel prevention programs should focus more on men’s behavior. I believe that prevention programs should be aimed towards women because of the steady increase of infections year to year. Women are more susceptible to HIV infection for several reasons.Biologically, females are estimated to be eight times more likely of receiving and HIV transmission from a male compared to female-to-male transmission. In 1997, the CDC reported that 38% of women received HIV through heterosexual intercourse opposed to 7% of men. Women are more at risk because the surface area in a female’s genital tract is greater exposed than in males. During intercourse larger amounts of semen fluids are released than in vaginal fluids. This puts women at risk because semen contains a higher amount of HIV. Also, women often have sexually transmitted infections that are left untreated, which increases exposure to HIV.Women who have STDs, sexually transmitted diseases, especially those that cause ulcerations make it easier for HIV to enter the body. Genital sores and immune reactions re lated with STDs face a greater risk of HIV infection. Treatment of STDs can be an efficient HIV prevention tactic if prevention programs educate women on this exposure. Other biological factors deal with young women among the ages of 13 to 19. Girls in Charge coordinator, Judah-Abijah Dorrington, explained that 49% of all the AIDS cases reported in the United States since 1997 were among these young women.This age group is infected because they have not fully completed their biological development. Many of the women obtained HIV in their teens because of â€Å"having an underdeveloped cervix and low vaginal mucus production. † In the report by AIDS Weekly, young women are found to have three to five times higher HIV infections than among boys. â€Å"Young women really are being viewed as the population with the largest number of new infections,† said Dr. Cynthia Gomez, professor for the AIDS Prevention Center at the University of California at San Francisco. They don't realize they're at risk, partly because we've only emphasized certain groups, rather than behaviors. † Women are vulnerable to infection for their lack of power within sexual relationships and sexual violence. Women’s lack of power makes it difficult for them to negotiate safer sex with partners. Women tend not to discuss condom use within relationships in fear of rejection or loss of economic support. When women are in committed relationships, they mainly focus on the intimacy in their relationship. They assume they are in a monogamous relationship with their partner.Unsafe sex becomes more important than protection against HIV. This dependence of men increases the risk of AIDS for women. A report from Secretary General of the United Nation, Kofi Annan concluded, â€Å"The gender dynamics of the epidemic are far-reaching due to women's weaker ability to negotiate safe sex, and their generally lower social and economic status. † Studies in Africa have uncovered that many married women have been infected by their husband. The powerlessness of women to reject sex with their husband has been a major cause of transmission to women.Women's dependence on men makes women less able to protect themselves against AIDS. Typically, men make most decisions about when, where, and how to have sex. In developing countries, women usually maintain little control over their bodies and hold little decision-making power. Violence against women increases their helplessness to HIV and decreases their ability to defend themselves against infection. According to a study, â€Å"physical and sexual abuse were ‘disturbingly common’ throughout life among women at high risk for HIV infection†¦women who have been abused are more likely to use crack cocaine and have multiple sex partners. This puts women are at greater risk for rape or sexual force. Also, some women are forced to enter into sex work or short-term partnerships to exchange sex for econom ic gain or survival including food, refuge, and security. In many cases, women are in danger merely because they are reliant on their husbands for survival and support. This hinders and restricts their decision making and negotiating control. Sex workers are at a high risk for infection, mainly when they do not have the ability to negotiate with customers who refuse to wear a condom.In order to prevent the spread of AIDS I feel public health agencies need to raise public awareness by promoting prevention programs for women. If women are educated on the biological and social factors of AIDS, women may have more of a chance to change their behaviors before the possibility of becoming infected with HIV. Programs that specifically target women will have a positive impact on women in the long-run. As new AIDS cases are increasing quickly through heterosexual contact focus on the prevention programs will take on even greater importance.People that agree with the statement that AIDS preven tion programs should target women believe that women are vulnerable to HIV infection biologically and socially. To decrease infections of the AIDS virus women change their standard of living especially for women in developing countries through these prevention programs. Those that disagree focus HIV prevention efforts on heterosexual male sexual behavior. By changing male cultural and socialization patterns interventions can be effective. A widespread HIV prevention policy uses many essentials to protect as many people at risk for HIV as possible.

All About Depression, unipolar and bipolar disorders

All About Depression, unipolar and bipolar disorders Free Online Research Papers Unipolar and Bipolar disorders have haunted people throughout the years, making it difficult for them to maintain what they deemed as a normal lifestyle. They watch through cold eyes as others live on normally and wish they too could frolic about so effortlessly. It can make them bitter, angry, or even suicidal. I myself have been diagnosed with bipolar disorder for five years now. I know from experience just how hard it is to want to live a life you expected for yourself, but have a curve ball thrown at you that takes you way off course and plants you where you never saw yourself. My mother suffers from depression so I know the dangers of that disease as well. Happiness does not come easily, and we both must strive to have it. Minor setbacks discourage us from wanting to try again and can put us in a rut for weeks to come. Not knowing or understanding how to handle these disorders can be as precarious as walking around with a loaded gun. These two mood disorders can be easily mistaken for one another without a meticulous examination. Symptoms of unipolar disorder include feelings of hopelessness, uselessness, and despair, lethargy, inability to fall asleep or stay asleep, physical exhaustion, and permanent feelings of anxiety. The sufferer can also experience lack of concentration, a decline in their sex drive, and sudden irrational fears of death and suicide. There are many causes of depression, all depending on the person. It can be sudden even though everything else in the person’s life is running efficiently, or it can be due to a traumatic event, such as the loss of a loved one or battling a chronic illness. Other causes that are less common are hormonal changes, alcoholism or a drug dependency. If a person is diagnosed with bipolar disorder however, periods of mania or hypomania have to accompany periods of depression. A person who suffers from bipolar disorder, also known as manic depressive illness will have periods of depression, periods of normalcy, and periods of exaggerated happiness known as a manic episode. They can also jump from mania to depression without a period of normalcy in between, as each person suffering from it differs. A period of mania is described as extreme elation, sometimes accompanied by delusions and hallucinations, and has to be present within the person for at least a week. If what a person experiences is within a shorter time frame it is then classified as hypo-mania. It can also cause poor judgment, and denial that anything is wrong. Bipolar disorder is classified in more than one type. There is Bipolar I disorder, Bipolar II disorder, Rapid Cycling and Cyclothymia. Bipolar I disorder is classified when the sufferer has a manic episode, but sometimes does not have a depressive episode. Bipolar II disorder is characterized by a period of hypo-mania, as well as a depressive episode. Rapid Cycling is classified when the sufferer experiences either manic episodes, depressive episodes, or even mixed episodes at least four times in one calendar year. Lastly, Cyclothymia is characterized by the sufferer experiencing numerous hypo-manic episodes, and periods of depression that are not severe enough to be considered a major depressive episode. With all that considered, it goes to show why diagnosing a person with the right type of Bipolar disorder can be quite a challenge. Like depression, Bipolar disorder can be brought on by a number of factors, such as genetics and environmental factors like life stresses. Primari ly it is believed to be triggered by an imbalance of brain chemicals causing the wide range of symptoms. Treatment for bipolar disorder include medication, therapy, and in extreme cases, electroconvulsive therapy. In general the medication and therapy is used in combination with one another, and two sets of drugs will be issued to the patient, one drug to treat the mania, and another to treat the depression. Anti-depressants alone cannot be used for they can cause ill effects in the patient. Anti-convulsants are commonly used as well as mood stabilizing drugs to help cope with the many symptoms of the disorder. For unipolar disorder the treatment is essentially the same, except anti-depressants are prescribed instead of anti-convulsants or anti-psychotics. Regular therapy sessions are urged as well, to ensure that the patient is getting someone who is reaching out to show they care. A supportive family can also help diminish some of the feelings of worthlessness and self-doubt. Used in conjunction, those three can really change a sufferer’s once bleak outlook on life. In conclusion, Unipolar and Bipolar disorders are close to one in the same, but have few characteristics that differentiate them from one another. It can be very difficult for a psychiatrist to diagnose one from the other without looking thoroughly through a patient’s past and current symptoms and feelings. Both disorders are debilitating and can cause a person to feel resentment at the hardships they must endure in their life as part of the disorder. It’s intricate, but one can learn to live a decent and happy life with either disorder if they work at it enough. Research Papers on All About Depression, unipolar and bipolar disordersArguments for Physician-Assisted Suicide (PAS)Capital PunishmentThe Effects of Illegal ImmigrationWhere Wild and West MeetThe Masque of the Red Death Room meaningsIncorporating Risk and Uncertainty Factor in CapitalMind TravelGenetic EngineeringHip-Hop is ArtPersonal Experience with Teen Pregnancy

4 Tips On Making Your Movie Review from EssaySupply.com

4 Tips On Making Your Movie Review How to write a movie review For many people, a review can be the making or breaking point of a movie as it is used to help the reader, or in other terms, a potential audience member gains insight about the film. Even the simplest phrase such as "The best" or "The worst" can be the words that help the potential viewer and audience member decide whether or not they will see the film. As a review writer or reviewer, your job is to give your opinion, as well as help the reader decide whether or not they should see the movie for themselves. These are a few tips on how to write an insightful movie review with many high-quality details. Always watch the film first We've all seen this at least once. An article stating that a film that hasn't even come out yet is saying the movie is one of the best films ever to be produced. Or they use phrases and keywords that make it obvious they had never even watched the movie. This can be a huge turn off to an audience as they want to feel as though the opinion is honest about the film they want to watch. So don't base your opinions on what you hear, instead, take a couple of hours to watch the movie once for entertainment, and if you need to get once again a better opinion of it. Find out who your audience is All films are made with a different audience in mind, some differing with only minor details while others differ majorly. For example, you may write a movie review about "300" from an entirely different standpoint if your audience was a group of theater arts students instead of history students. A simple change can completely switch your mindset, and instead of thinking along the terms of "Is this historically accurate" or "did they dress that way." By changing the audience to theater students you begin to think in terms such as "Why did they choose to film there" or "why did they choose to kill those characters, but not those characters." Don't criticize or praise without detail We can all say whether or not a movie is good or bad. However, the reviewer wants to know why. Instead of saying "This movie was too long." Say something along the lines of, "There were too many subplots that pulled away from the actual story" or "Much of the dialogue could have been cut out and it wouldn't have made much of a difference." Even praise shouldn't exist without particular reason or insight. If you find a movie to be wonderfully entertaining, you may be tempted to write how great it was with no hesitation. However, you should still review it from a critique from a standpoint. Instead of saying something along the lines of "This movie was so fantastic, everyone should see it." You may want to say something like, "I enjoyed this film, it was quick to pull me into the story and kept me on the edge of my seat." to give your audience a more exact reason to see the film. Research the filmmaker Find out what other films they have made, take in the details of each film and how they improved with each film. Even use comparisons, by using phrases such as "One of the best films since his last feature presentation hit." or "The film was obviously an attempted repeat of their classic film" to allow the audience to derive a particular viewpoint on the movie based on the words you give them. Following these easy steps allows to learn fast how to make a movie review, or a small reminder for those who alraedy familiar with the assignment.

Buddhism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Buddhism - Essay Example .† (The Buddhist Encyclopedia, 2008) However, the fault with this explanation is that it is undeniable that there is an entity that does understand what it went through, is going through, and will be going through. The Buddhists then further explain that, â€Å"this lack of a fixed self does not mean lack of continuity,† as stated in the Buddhist Encyclopedia online. It also says that Buddhism uses a lot of metaphors, one of which is that of fire. In the same way that the flame of one candle to another and the fire spreading from field to field is dependent on the original fire, â€Å"there is a conditioned relationship between one life and the next; they are not identical but neither are they completely distinct.† (The Buddhist Encyclopedia, 2008) But, seriously, a fire or flame is something far beyond compare to that of a being that has the capacity to store information, knowledge, and emotions from one life to the next, and retrieve and be able to tell them in such a detailed manner. In fact, in the reading, we were told that â€Å"The Enlightened One†, a real human being, was an ape in his past life, as told in the Great Ape Jataka tale. Supposedly, the real being shou ld tell stories as real as his very existence, but we read the story and we find qualities in the Great Ape that biologists and archaeologists of different generations would have turned the whole world upside down just to find the legendary beast. The ape could not only talk to humans (in what language it was not mentioned), but also foresee events. We all know that apes can’t do these, even with the smartest technology available today or in the next hundred years. So granting without accepting for a moment that reincarnation is behind it, what is it that made the ape like that if there is no entity that has the capacity to analyze the connection between the lives he has lived, the entity that tries to be something better each time for it to reach nirvana? Speaking of